Japanese Employment Practices

|International EMPLOYMENT RELATIONS | |TO WHAT EXTENT THE JAPANESE EMPLOYMENT PRACTICES HAS CHANGED AFTER THE ECONOMIC CRISIS? | |[pic] | |SINTHIA NOVA | |Student ID †2724881 | |14th May 2009 | List of chapters INTRODUCTION3 TRADITIONAL JAPANESE MODEL OF EMPLOYMENT SYSTEM4 THE CHANGING NATURE OF JAPANESE EMPLOYMENT SYSTEM5 1. Wellsprings of change5 2. Lifetime employment6 3. Status based Pay and Promotion System7 4. Venture Unions9 CONCLUSION9 REFERENCES10 INTRODUCTION In the post-war period, Japanese assembling organizations fundamentally expanded a lot of the worldwide market of cars (Automotive News-Market Data Book, cited in Womack, Jones, and Roos 1991, 69) just as accomplishing in excess of 50 percent of the world markets in cameras, video recorders, watches, adding machines, microwaves, cruisers, and shading TVs (Oliver and Wilkinson 1992, 5). Quite a bit of this achievement was ascribed to the types of human-asset Management found in Japanese organizations (Abegglen and Stalk 1987; Clark 1987; Dore 1990; Tachibanaki and Noda 2000). In any case, during the time of Asian Financial emergency and monetary downturn for the vast majority of the 1990s, the run of the mill Japanese highlights that bolstered nearly superior until the late 1980s came in for serious analysis. Considering the elite of the US economy during the 1990s, Neoliberals, in light of the all inclusive significance of liberal markets, contend that the Japanese model is dead, and that Japan should (and will) receive the US liberal market model (Lindsey and Lukas, 1998; Lin, 2001; Dornbusch, 1998; Krugman, 1996). Paradoxically, numerous scholars of institutionalism, in light of contextualized proficiency and way subordinate national examples, guarantee that Japan proceeds with its way needy national model because of its one of a kind culture †underestimated inside the way of life †the interconnectedness of establishments and agents’ endeavors to use the similar favorable circumstances of their foundations (Dore, 2000; Green, 2001; Isogai et. al. , 2000; Chesbrough, 1998; DiMaggio and Powell, 1983; Hall and Soskice, 2001). Be that as it may, neither the neoliberals’ contention for straightforward combination towards a liberal market economy nor the institutionalists’ guarantee for the continuation of the first Japanese model can clarify the dynamic changes occurring inside the Japanese model when the new century rolled over. In this report, the ongoing patterns of Japanese business relations will be inspected. Two inquiries have been tended to here. In the first place, why the customary Japanese business framework has been changed. Second, to what degree has ER framework has been changed? To address these inquiries we will initially analyze the conventional Japanese model and afterward subsequent to considering a few issues identifying with the reasons of this change, we will examination the present patterns to discover the degree of adjustment in various commonplace ER rehearses. A conversation of the ramifications of these progressions is then be introduced, trailed by the end. Customary JAPANESE MODEL OF EMPLOYMENT SYSTEM Japan is a mind boggling, dynamic culture that has experienced gigantic change in the previous 125 years, changing over itself from a primitive state into a cutting edge industrialized country and a financial superpower. In doing as such, the Japanese have had the option to duplicate Western innovation, science, training and governmental issues, while as yet keeping their exceptional social character. One unmistakable component of Japan that isolated it from other Asian nations was it aggregate culture which has been continued to the organizations (Kashima and Callan, 1994). As a representative, an individual identity’s with a bigger substance through which one additions pride and sentiment of being a piece of something huge, tying a person's renown straightforwardly to the glory of their manager. Ordinarily, the organization is viewed as a supplier of security and government assistance. To an enormous degree, dependability to the organization outperforms the family bond. The center standards of Japanese business model is the alleged ‘‘THREE SACRED TREASURES’’ (sanshu no jingi) of Japanese administration. 1)The lifetime/long haul business framework (shushin koyo) The terms â€Å"long-term† or â€Å"permanent† work are utilized equivalently to depict lifetime business, which was built up at numerous organizations during the time of high financial development during the 1960s. The idea of lifetime work rose because of the exceptional parts of Japanese business representatives relations that were bolstered by s lender work markets during the post-war period when Japan encountered a work deficiency without precedent for her mechanical history. This framework created and was built up at numerous enormous and average sized organizations during this time of high financial development. With fast innovation advancement and extension of organizations, huge estimated organizations recruited unpracticed labor straightforwardly from the work advertise and through in-house preparing and improvement programs these laborers created different abilities and procedures. (2)The arrangement of rank based compensation and advancement (nenko joretsu) Here status and position are attached to length of administration, as opposed to work obligations or legitimacy. As per this framework, the unequivocal variables deciding compensation are the length of administration, age and instructive foundation, not the work performed. The framework goes connected at the hip with the lifetime work. Customarily, the status based prize framework had two unique points. The first was to propel an employee’s profession and give monetary pay dependent on an expansive social contemplations and individual capabilities, for example, the age and instruction level of workers. The second was to utilize non-money incidental advantages for representatives and their families. 3)Enterprise unionism (kigyobetsu rodo kumiai) Another significant attribute of Japanese work relations are undertaking based associations. In Japan, associations are sorted out at the venture level, aggregately deal with a solitary boss, and close aggregate concurrences on the undertaking level. As per Inohara: â€Å"Enterprise-wide unionism explicitly communicates the working environment as far as organization enrollment. On a basic level, it sorts out every single standard worker of an organization aimlessly into one association, I. e. it is a worker association based on where they work (organization) and not what they do (occupation or expertise). Such a trade guild isn't ruled by the organization; it speaks to the workforce, and in that capacity, appreciates proper esteem and advantages gave by the organization. Relations among the board and the association are between insiders, to be specific, all the individuals from the association are organization workers. Intercession by pariahs, for example, modern and national work associations, outside business operators, or lawyers isn't endured. † THE CHANGING NATURE OF JAPANESE EMPLOYMENT SYSTEM Wellsprings of progress Prior to summer of 1997, the Japanese framework ensured simple access to minimal effort capital and crude materials was provided by a reliable and gave work power (at the hour of work lack) which encouraged market development. Notwithstanding, the market got immersed and the economy eased back down, these upper hands were transformed into liabilities. Keiretsu banks ended up burdened with awful obligations from bunch organizations, between bunch buying became hindrances to cost decrease, and abundance size of a yet steadfast work power was seen as a weight to battling organizations. Japanese organizations were additionally responding to the data upset and were deserted by their American partners. Albeit, most Japanese organizations have viewed change at a speedy pace as an excessive amount to ask they needed to receive outside practices and approaches so as to endure. Deregulation is another power for change. It has made Japanese markets progressively open to contenders, remote just as local. In up to this time secured ventures like monetary administrations, conveyance and agribusiness barely any organizations are set up for the attack of rivalry and vulnerability (Lincoln and Nakata, 1997). The maturing populace likewise has clear ramifications for corporate work connection practice. With a maturing workforce, the perpetual business and status framework troubles firms with rising quantities of more generously compensated and less beneficial specialists. Already, these frameworks were increasingly appropriate to managers, since the lofty status lift brought about less installment for the moderately youthful workforce and the lasting business standard decreased the vulnerabilities and expenses of high staff turnover. Moreover, the progress to an assistance economy joined with socio-social and financial changes has profoundly affected Japan's business organizations. Despite the fact that driving edge makers are as yet serious, their commitment to Japanese household business and pay is contracting, for the developing help division as the following incredible motor of occupations and riches. Business practices of deals and administration firms are not quite the same as those of assembling. Their more youthful workforce is increasingly portable, less dedicated to work and the firm. Besides, since the association of work in administration firms is less group based, singular execution is all the more handily assessed. Additionally, word related abilities are esteemed over firm-explicit aptitudes, with the goal that expansive professional training turns into the primary driver of wages and execution instead of faithfulness to one boss (Debroux, 1997; Lincoln and Nakata, 1997; Ornatowski, 1998). Lifetime work One of the unmistakable highlights of the Japanese business relations framework is lifetime work. Japanese laborers joins organizations at a youthful age, and spend a bigger part of their life in the organization contrasted with different nations. The figure beneath can show that Japanese laborers regarding length of administration, normal number of years and middle years contrasted with laborers in different nations was a lot of high

Ethical Theories Essay

Moral quandaries are a piece of every day life and the arrangements introduced to them are typically reliant on the morals that administer the individual confronting them. Each individual at one point in time has been confronted with an ethical predicament. This can be depicted as the qualities which are utilized to decide the correct method to deal with a circumstance and the incorrect approach. Every general public and network has its own ethical file and in certain social orders, an activity might be seen middle of the road or right, while a similar activity in another network would be seen as unbearable and disliked. The ethical list of a general public for the most part goes connected at the hip with strict convictions and networks which are strictly disposed to have severe principles on what is reasonable conduct and what isn't. Social orders which have progressively mainstream esteems for the most part endure extraordinary or offbeat conduct. The distinction in assessments of various individuals in what is ordinarily good and bad has prompted the improvement of different moral hypotheses. Two of these hypotheses are utilitarianism and obligation morals. A case of a circumstance which realized distinctive moral stances is the Firestone Company tire review in 1999 and 2000. The organization had found that its recently planned firestorm Radial ATX, ATX II and Wilderness AT tires were damaged in 1996, after 8 of the multiple times were singled out after they bombed a test that tried the perseverance of tires under rapid. Of the 14. 4 million tires sold roughly 6. 5 million tires must be reviewed because of imperfections in the subtleties which included the track and one steel belt isolating from the other steel belt and corpse The subtleties has prompted genuine and even deadly mishaps as the vehicles toppled when the mishaps happened while they were moving. While trying to show distinction among utilitarianism and obligation morals we will consider a designer working for the organization at that point and the stand the person in question would take on the off chance that they bought in to utilitarianism or obligation morals Utilitarianism can be portrayed as a moral hypothesis that recommends that the activity that carries great or ideal outcomes to the dominant part isn't dependent upon whether it is correct or wrong importance it isn't liable to addressing. (Fredrick,2003) This hypothesis was enormously supported by utilitarians, for example, John Stuart Mill. This hypothesis advocates for activities that produce bliss to the best or biggest number of individuals. In a perfect circumstance this might be conceivable yet normally any activity can deliver satisfaction to numerous or a couple of individuals relying upon the activity. The hypothesis doesn't ordinarily advocate for the utilization of morally right activities consistently and accordingly activities which might be seen as off-base once in a while carry joy to an enormous gathering of individuals yet the activities despite everything remain ethically off-base. A specialist buying in to the utilitarianism approach to life would have bolstered the organization stand and the move it made. The organization found that a few tires were faulty and didn't review the remainder of the tires that had just been sold. This lead to mishaps which caused enduring and passing and it was not until an examination concerning the reason for the mishaps that at last constrained the Firestone Company to concede risk and review the tires. The organization didn't review the tires since it dreaded the misfortunes that it would confront incase the tires were all damaged. The organization decided to ensure their benefits edges to the detriment of their customers. (Little, 2003) As a designer with an utilitarianism see point this activity would be the best on the grounds that reviewing would mean incredible misfortunes and cutting back regarding work which would mean joblessness for some, individuals working at the organization influencing both them and their dependants. The obligation morals recommends that the activity taken in any circumstance ought to be simply and genuine and aware to all people included. This moral rule progresses for the maintaining of standards in any case to an inappropriate outcomes whether they will be positive or negative. (Graham,2004) A designer working for the Firestone Company would have decided to review all the faulty tires and led a through examination to the reasons for the defaults without outer weight or the danger of claims as affectation. The architect moral compass would have guided them to make such a stand in any case to the aftermath which is this case would have brought about significant misfortunes to the organization. According to the necessities of the designing calling, this mechanical specialist was attributed to some essential thing morals and the significant expert sets of accepted rules while in the locale of their obligation. These are rules planned for giving security guidelines to the designers while at work and the benefit of everyone of the general public. Be that as it may, the equivalent was unbiasedly deficient in the Firestone’s case. As an essential necessity, they should practice their expert aptitudes and furthermore information in giving happiness in the general human life. Fair-mindedness and genuineness ought to win in their administration where constancy to people in general ought to never be undermined over that of customers and furthermore businesses. Somewhere else, specialists should seek after a proceeded with advancement in their calling and carry administration to their various customers with no contention. These are the essential things of mechanical designers whose capability is given by the help of the ordinances of mechanical building. Taking everything into account the ethical stance taken by any individual ought to consistently be in the wake of requiring all the essential data. This is on the grounds that in each choice made, there are consistently people who love and the individuals who advantage. As in the Firestone, the reviewing choice would have brought about misfortune. After cautious assessment one ought to choose the choice that acquires insignificant misfortunes the included action.

Book Riots Deals of the Day for November 23rd, 2019

Book Riot’s Deals of the Day for November 23rd, 2019 Sponsored by Andersen Productions. These deals were active as of this writing, but may expire soon, so get them while they’re hot! Todays  Featured Deals Go: A Coming of Age Novel by Kazuki Kaneshiro, translated by Takami Nieda for $0.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Slouching Towards Bethlehem by Joan Didion for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Feel Free by Zadie Smith for $3.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Daughter of the Pirate King by Tricia Levenseller for $2.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. In Case You Missed Yesterdays Most Popular Deals Vampires in the Lemon Grove by Karen Russell  for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Bloodchild: And Other Stories by Octavia E. Butler for $1.99. Get it here,  or just click on the cover image below. Previous Daily Deals That Are Still Active As Of This Writing (Get em While Theyre hot!): Insatiable: Pornâ€"A Love Story by Asa Akira for $1.99 Beauty: A Retelling of the Story of Beauty and the Beast by Robin McKinley for $1.99 Star Wars: Galaxys Edge: A Crash of Fate by Zoraida Cordova for $0.99 The Heart of a Woman by Maya Angelou for $1.99 Fifth Mountain by Paulo Coelho for $1.99 Mayflower by Nathaniel Philbrick for $2.99 Fruit of the Drunken Tree by Ingrid Rojas Contreras for $4.99 Swimming Lessons by Claire Fuller for $1.99 Attachments by Rainbow Rowell for $1.99 Macbeth by Jo Nesbo for $2.99 Black Water Rising by Attica Locke for $1.99 The Sun Does Shine by Anthony Ray Hinton for $1.99 Playing with Fire by Tess Gerritsen for $2.99 Rabbit Cake by Annie Hartnett for $1.99 The Heart Forger (The Bone Witch Book 2) by Rin Chupeco for $1.99 Revelation Space by Alastair Reynolds for $2.99 The Ensemble: A Novel by Aja Gabel for $4.99 The Female Persuasion: A Novel by Meg Wolitzer for $1.99 The Bone Witch by Rin Chupeco for $0.99 Cant Escape Love by Alyssa Cole for $1.99 Brown Girl in the Ring by Nalo Hopkinson for $5.99 The Winds Twelve Quarters by Ursula K. Le Guin for $1.99 Reader, Come Home: The Reading Brain in a Digital World by Maryanne Wolf for $1.99 The Thinking Womans Guide to Real Magic by Emily Croy Barker for $1.99 Dorothy Must Die by Danielle Paige for $1.99 Ark by Veronica Roth for $1.99 Ten Women by Marcela Serrano for $3.99 Ninefox Gambit by Noon Ha Lee for $1.99. Dont Try To Find Me by Holly Brown for $1.99 Last Call at the Nightshade Lounge by Paul Krueger for $2.99 The Last Namsara by Kristen Ciccarelli for $1.99 Paperbacks from Hell: The Twisted History of 70s and 80s Horror Fiction by Grady Hendrix for $2.99 Flights by Olga Tokarczuk for $4.99 A Crown of Wishes by Roshani Chokshi for $2.99 The Price of Salt by Patricia Highsmith for $0.99 My Best Friends Exorcism by Grady Hendrix for $1.99 Ormeshadow by Priya Sharma for $3.99 Sisters of the Vast Black by Lina Rather for $3.99 Prophecy  by Ellen Oh for $2.99 A Blade So Black by L.L. McKinney for $2.99 They  Could Have Named Her Anything  by Stephanie Jimenez for $1.99 Bored and Brilliant: How Spacing Out Can Unlock Your Most Productive and Creative Self by Manoush Zomorodi for $2.99 Along for the Ride  by Mimi Grace for $2.99 Other Words for Home by Jasmine Warga  for $1.99 Pushout  by Monique W. Morris for $2.99 Storm Front  by Jim Butcher for $2.99 The Walls Around Us  by Nova Ren Suma for $1.99 The Monsters: Mary Shelley and the Curse of Frankenstein  by Dorothy and Thomas Hoobler for $2.99 The Ladys Guide to Celestial Mechanics by Olivia Waite  for $3.99 Mrs. Martins Incomparable Adventure by Courtney Milan for $2.99 Toil and Trouble: 15 Tales of Women and Witchcraft edited by Tess Sharpe and Jessica Spotswood for $1.99 Inspector Singh Investigates: A Curious Indian Cadaver by Shamini Flints for $3.99 Meddling and Murder: An Aunty Lee Mystery by Ovidia Yu for $2.99 Whatever Happened to Interracial Love? by Kathleen Collins for $3.99 Destinys Captive by Beverly Jenkins for $1.99 The Four Agreements: A Practical Guide to Personal Freedom by Don Miguel Ruiz for $1.68 Silver Phoenix by Cindy Pon for $2.99 Sign up for our Book Deals newsletter and get up to 80% off books you actually want to read.

Substance Abuse in Temrs of Ten Essential Public Health...

The competency â€Å"apply the core functions of assessment, policy development, and assurance in the analysis of public health problems and their solutions† was met through reading chapter 5 in Public Health: What it is and How it Works, along with completing a discussion question on applying the essential public health services to gun violence in Chicago and by completing a group project where I had to describe substance abuse in terms of the ten essential public health services. By reading the book I learned what the core functions and essential public health services were. Turnock (2011 p. 224) describes assessment as public health’s responsibility to provide information to the public about the communities health and wellness, which†¦show more content†¦226). This competency was put into action by completing two assignments that were related to determining the essential public health services. The first assignment was watching a video about gun violence in Chicago and determining how many of the essential public health services were being met at the time. In this particular video I was able to identify four essential public health services that were covered. The first services I identified was â€Å"mobilize community partnerships to identify and solve health problems (Turnock, 2011 p. 226) which in the video was being represented by the Chicago’s trauma united and Northwestern Hospital’s new rule that when a patient comes in who has been shot they call the community based violence advocates to help with the victim (Brackett, 2013). The next service I identified was â€Å"inform, educate, and empower people about health issues† (Turnock, 2011 p. 226) which was being met by the Harper High School’s Becoming A M an (BAM) program that teaches high risk students about how they can control their dangerous behaviors and actions to help them prevent gun violence (Brackett, 2013). The next service I found in the video was â€Å"research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems† (Turnock, 2011 p. 226) which was being addressed by President Obama’s

Develop and implement strategic plan Free Essay Example, 4000 words

This, in turn, leads to an increase in the effectiveness and productivity of the workers. MacVille also protects the rights of workers employed in its supply chain. The company urges its suppliers to adhere to the minimum wage rate regulations and refrain from employing child labor (Manning et al, 2006). Sustainable Development In its quest for higher profits, MacVille has not forgotten the importance of indulging in sustainable business practices. MacVille is a member of the Fairtrade and provides decent working conditions, fair prices and terms of trade to farmers and workers engaged in coffee farms (Curtis, 2005). The company actively supports environmental NGO Rainforest Alliance which trains farmers to indulge in sustainable farming practices including the optimum use of water resources (Whelan, 2004). The other environmental leadership practices employed by MacVille include conservation of energy and preservation of biodiversity. Meeting Minutes with the Consultant Date: May 21, 2014 Venue: Conference Hall 2, MacVille Headquarters, Brisbane Members Present: Vice President, Strategy Development; Senior Manager, Business Development and functional heads of marketing, HR and finance. Proceedings The meeting was called to review the current mission and vision of the company and to assess whether the current business practices of MacVille are in line with the strategic intent. Point 1 The consultant was of the opinion that MacVille’s values and business practices support the company’s present mission and vision. We will write a custom essay sample on Develop and implement strategic plan or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now The company has worked assiduously to become a recognized brand especially in the domestic market. Point 2 The members decided that the company’s mission should be broadened. It was also decided that MacVille should pursue a more ambitious vision. Point 3 In the wake of increasing competition, the company needs to embrace innovation in all facets of business especially in product development and marketing. Point 4 MacVille should increase its research and development (R&D) expenditure which will help it to manufacture innovative, customer friendly products. Point 5 The adoption of liberalization and globalization policies by many countries of the world has opened up numerous growth opportunities for foreign companies. MacVille needs to look at strategic alliances and partnerships to increase its international footprint. At the same time, it needs to penetrate further in the home market and attain leadership position. Point 6 MacVille will have to increase its operational efficiency to reduce costs.

Primary Reasons of Poverty of the Philippines Free Essays

Official poverty statistics in the Philippines are part of the System of Designated Statistics instituted and implemented by the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) pursuant to Executive Order No. 352 signed on 01 July 1996. Based on policies approved by the NSCB, official poverty statistics consist of the food and poverty thresholds, the subsistence and poverty incidence, the income gap, the poverty gap, and the severity of poverty index. We will write a custom essay sample on Primary Reasons of Poverty of the Philippines or any similar topic only for you Order Now The estimates of subsistence and poverty incidence are expressed in terms of proportion of families and of the population. Prior to 2000, the income gap, poverty gap and the severity of poverty index as well as the annual food and poverty thresholds were not part of the official poverty statistics. Under NSCB Board Resolution No. 9 Series of 2000, these statistics were added to the official poverty statistics designated to the NSCB under E. O. 352. Moreover, prior to 2003, the official poverty statistics were being generated only at the national and regional levels with urban-rural disaggregation. In response to user need for provincial disaggregation of poverty statistics, NSCB Resolution No.  1 Series of 2003 was passed on 15 January 2003, approving a methodology for the compilation of official poverty statistics. This methodology underwent a series of discussions thru workshops, interagency meetings and users’ fora before it was approved by the NSCB. The initial efforts of the NSCB for the development of the methodology were undertaken in 1999 as part of the NSCB involvement in the â€Å"Development of an Integrated Poverty Monitoring and Indicator System Project†, a module of the UNDP-assisted project â€Å"Strengthening Institutional Mechanisms for the Convergence of Poverty Alleviation Efforts, Phase I†, which was implemented by NEDA. Except for the food and poverty thresholds that are estimated annually, the other official poverty statistics are estimated every three years after the results of the Family Income and Expenditures Survey (FIES) of the National Statistics Office (NSO) have become available. The FIES is a nationwide survey of households undertaken to gather data on the income and expenditures of Filipino families. How to cite Primary Reasons of Poverty of the Philippines, Papers

Western Film an Example of the Topic Film Essays by

Western Film Since the beginning of cinema in the United States, there has been on genre of film which has been explicitly American the Western. Though touched on by films in other countries, the Western film has been used for decades as the quintessential view into American ideals and lifestyles. Though this genre has not changed much in since its inception, stylistically, it has changed in its way of expressing and covering issues of American culture.Many clichs have arisen out of the western film. The good guys wore white clothes. The bad guys wore black clothes. The lawmen were always on the side of truth and justice and often portrayed as immensely stoic if not immortal. Other clichs of the genre include the savagery of the Native Americans and the bravery, and justice displayed by every man in the position of right IE. Marshals, military men or even the unaffiliated heroes such as the Lone Ranger. Need essay sample on "Western Film" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed One of the first movies to begin to break from this traditional view of the American west was the film High Noon. In this 1952 film, town marshal Will Kane, played by Gary Cooper, is told that a man from his past is returning to town with the intention of killing him for putting the man in prison. Ian MacDonalds Frank Miller is seeking revenge, and returning on the noon train.Though this motif was not original to the film, the manner of its characterization was. Marshal Kanes first response to the news of Frank Millers return is to leave town and avoid the fight. Though his machismo will not allow for a cowardly escape, the film does illustrate the fear that plagues Coopers character. The dread that Kane feels throughout the film is compounded by the lack of support he receives from the townspeople. Despite being a beloved lawman for sometime the movie takes place on the day of his retirement the entirety of the town recommends that Kane flee for his life rather than face possible death as the hands of Miller. Throughout the film Kane attempts to garner, at least, moral support for his pending conflict; however he finds none not even from his wife, who also tells him to flee. Howard Burton wrote, in 1953, that High Noon was the return of the story of everyman as well as the final maturing of the western film as a genre. In Burtons explication of the film, Kane is everyman. Burton describes everyman as weak. He tries desperately to avoid meeting death, even attempting to delay death [} (Burton 83) The film, however, does not stray too far from the old ideal of the stoic hero, as Kane does face Miller. However, a change is noticed, as the hero acknowledges his mortality, as well as his ability to lose it. This break from the norm would ripple throughout the decades and eventually create a near-complete paradigm shift within the genre. The next film that illustrates a shift away from the standards of the western is The Searchers. Released in 1956, this film would be praised as one of the greatest films of all time. This is mainly due to the affect the film had on the genre of the western. In this film, John Wayne nearly a western film clich himself is searching for a tribe of Indians who killed his family and kidnapped his niece. Waynes character, Ethan Edwards, is joined by his nephew who happens to be half-Indian himself. This not only causes tension between the characters, as Edwards hates all Indians because of the loss of his family, but also creates an opportunity for the western film genre to see a character though only half Indian in a sympathetic light. The depth of the racial crossover increases as the film progresses. In the film; [A] white woman is adopted and raised red society, marries a red man; (part) red man is adopted and raised by white society, marries a white woman. This parallel poses an exchange between red and white tribes. (Henderson 13) Because of this crossover, both sides of the racial issue are illustrated, and explained. This motif offers a commentary on the prejudice and hypocrisy of the white American culture because it was ok for the white family to take the native child, but not for the reciprocal to occur. Another example of the western leaving changing the normal expectations of the genre occurred in the film, The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. In this film, James Stewart is a Senator who returns to the town from which his career began in order to attend the funeral of a drifter, played by John Wayne. throughout the film, Stewart is acknowledged as the man who killed the areas most notorious outlaw, Liberty Valance. There are several subtle details of this film which make a prime example of the shift in Americas western film. First, and most obvious, the prime villain is called Liberty creating a tension between good and evil that most films had not dared before 1962. The hero, in opposition to this, is named Ransom which is also in conflict with the nature of good versus evil. Next, the film spends the majority of its time building up the character of Ransom Stoddard as an all-around hero archetype. Ransom teaches the townspeople to read and write, as well as bringing order to the town through his law office.John Waynes character, Tom Doniphon is portrayed as a shiftless tough guy with few redeeming moral virtues. There is conflict between Stoddard and Doniphon for the affections of Vera Miles character Hallie who eventually will marry Stoddard and accompany him to Doniphons funeral. As the story progresses, conflicts arise with the character of Liberty Valance. These conflicts lead to a gun fight, after which, Valance is dead; and Stoddard is hailed as his killer. The acclaim that Stoddard receives from the killing of Liberty Valance propels his political career and is the driving force behind his lifes success. The shift in the movie comes in the end as Stoddard tells the story of the death of Liberty Valance to a reporter. Through his exposition, Stoddard eventually reveals that it was actually Doniphon who killed Valance, but took no credit. It was then the guilt created by the success of his title, that brought Stoddard back to his hometown. Because Stoddard did not come forward sooner, Doniphon died penniless and alone. This revealed truth from Stoddard, shows that the success he enjoyed after leaving this town and being elected to the US Senate was based on a lie. This illustration of impropriety was rare in films of the era. To say that those who were controlling the highest offices of government were not as they claimed was a strong departure from the purity of government that most films portrayed. The film, The Good, The Bad and The Ugly, though filmed primarily in Spain, and directed by an Italian director, still illustrates a strong paradigm shift in the western dogma. Drawn together by the promise of treasure and riches, three veterans of the Civil War join forces. The conflict of personalities in this film is another example of this shift in western cinema.Because they are forced to work together, the lines of good and evil are blurred by greed. This film depicts the characters in ways that illustrate their characters; good, bad, ugly (in deed more than looks). However, because of their necessity for cooperation, their characters are forced to subjugate their expectations to some degree.By 1990, the western had nearly been lost as a genre however, the movie Dances with Wolves revived the concept. It also made the strongest divergence from the western of old. This film illustrated many juxtaposed characterizations from the suicidal and insane Lieutenant commander, to the very personal and sympathetic view of the Lakota tribe. Dances with Wolves also paints a picture of the American cavalry in a very unflattering, and prejudicial light. The actions of the soldiers in the western frontier lands are shown as extremely violent and immoral. They soldiers refuse to find the story behind why a praised and decorated lieutenant is found in close association with the Lakota. Instead, they instantly deem him a traitor based solely on his dress and arrest him.The film also shows a deep understanding of the social unit of the Lakota of the time. This, in itself, is a departure from class forms of the American western, which still to this day often portray the Native American only as a savage. This film, however, delves into the culture itself - in a way that allows the viewer to learn of the people along with the character of John Dunbar. Though not directly, the film also addresses the continuing conflict between the modern American culture, and that of the Native American cultures. The movie ends without a strong conclusion to the story of John Dunbar. he is still pursued by the Calvary, and seen as a traitor and deserter. The trials of the Lakota people are not resolved as they have not been in reality. There is also a strong sense of tension at the end of the film, between John Dunbar and the lead warrior of the Lakota tribe Wind in his hair. Dances with Wolves also touches on relationship between an individual and his or her country. Though John Dunbar never acts against the best interests of the United States, he is labeled a traitor due to his style of dress when seen by the returning soldiers. This calls into question several aspects of American society.First, the concept of innocent until proven guilty which is the basis for the American judicial system is completely ignored in the arrest of John Dunbar. Next comes the idea of patriotism. John Dunbar is arguably the most patriotic character in the film; however he is eventually arrested and treated as the worst type of criminal. Finally, there is the question of loyalty. John Dunbar is portrayed as a fine example of loyal soldier and is initially rewarded with his choice of assignments. The use of cinema to comment on society is in no way a new concept - the plays of ancient Greece did the same, as did the plays of Shakespeare. However, for the majority of Americans, film is the primary source of social commentary and the most American form of that commentary is the western. Because of its perception of being an entirely American genre, these types of films can hold a strong place in the minds of their audience. The directors of these types of films understand this, of course, and use that to their advantage. Though not all directors set out to create a film which has some, deep, underlying message about the state of affairs in the United States, many western films contained such nuances, nonetheless. World War II, Viet Nam, the Civil Rights Movement and the counter culture movements of the 60s and 70s were all very important to the development of the current American identity. It is, therefore, no surprise that these changes in social order were echoed in the changes of American cinema. These eras also brought about the first questionings of authority, and shifting away from the blind trust that Americans had in the government, and society as a whole this was also mirrored in the American western. The social upheaval that occurred in the United States during the 1940s, 50s, 60s and into the 90s, marked drastic changes in both social stratification as well as American identity. WORKS CITED High Noon. dir. Fred Zinnemann. starring Gary Cooper, Thomas Mitchell, Lloyd Bridges. 1952. United Artists. The Searchers. dir. John Ford. starring; John Wayne, Jeffery Hunter, Vera Miles. 1956. Warner Bros. The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance. dir. John Ford. starring; John Wayne, James Stewart, Vera Miles. 1962. Paramount Studios. The Good, The Bad, and The Ugly. dir. Sergio Leone. starring; Eli Wallach, Clint Eastwood, Lee Van Cleef. 1966. United Artists. Dances with Wolves. dir. Kevin Costner. starring; Kevin Costner, Mary McDonnell, Graham Greene. 1990. MGM/UA Entertainment. Henderson, Brian. The Searchers: An American Dilemma. Film Quarterly. Vol. 34, No. 2. 1980. p/ 9-23. Burton, Howard A. High Noon: Everyman Rides Again. The Quarterly of Film Radio and Television. Vol. 8, No. 1. 1953. p. 80-86.

Free Essays on Due Process

Due process is best defined in one word-fairness. Throughout the history of the United States, its constitutions, statues and case law have provided standards for fair treatment of citizens by federal, state and local governments. These standards are known as due process. Due process of law is administered through courts of justice in accordance with established and sanctioned legal principles and procedures, and the safeguards for the protection of individual rights. When or if at anytime a person is treated unfairly by the government, the criminal justice system (to include the courts), that person is said to have been deprived of or denied his/her due process. it is often referred to in such terms as the "law of the land" and "legal judgement of his peers." The first time these expressions were used in the sense of due process was in the great charter of English liberty, the Magna Carter. In the United States, the phrase due process first appears in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791. the amendment refers specifically to federal and not state actions, therefore another amendment was necessary to include the states. this was accomplished by the 14th Amendment, ratified July 9, 1868. As a result of the ratification, it was established at both federal and state levels that no person "shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." Recently, the United States Supreme Court has placed emphasis on procedural safeguards in the administration of criminal justice in federal and state cours. As determined by custom and law, due process has become a guarantee of civil as well as criminal rights. Through interpretation of the law, due process has grown to include, among other things, provision for ensuring an accused person a fair and public trial before a competent tribunal, the right to be present at the trial, and the right ot be heard in his/her own defe... Free Essays on Due Process Free Essays on Due Process The phrase ''due process of law'' does not necessarily imply a proceeding in a court or a plenary suit and trial by jury in every case where personal or property rights are involved. 25 ''In all cases, that kind of procedure is due process of law which is suitable and proper to the nature of the case, and sanctioned by the established customs and usages of the courts.'' 26 What is unfair in one situation may be fair in another. 27 ''The precise nature of the interest that has been adversely affected, the manner in which this was done, the reasons for doing it, the available alternatives to the procedure that was followed, the protection implicit in the office of the functionary whose conduct is challenged, the balance of hurt complained of and good accomplishedthese are some of the considerations that must enter into the judicial judgment.'' 28 n. a fundamental principle of fairness in all legal matters, both civil and criminal, especially in the courts. All legal procedures set by statute and court practice, including notice of rights, must be followed for each individual so that no prejudicial or unequal treatment will result. While somewhat indefinite, the term can be gauged by its aim to safeguard both private and public rights against unfairness. The universal guarantee of due process is in the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, which provides "No person shall†¦be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law," and is applied to all states by the 14th Amendment. From this basic principle flows many legal decisions determining both procedural and substantive rights.... Free Essays on Due Process Due process is best defined in one word-fairness. Throughout the history of the United States, its constitutions, statues and case law have provided standards for fair treatment of citizens by federal, state and local governments. These standards are known as due process. Due process of law is administered through courts of justice in accordance with established and sanctioned legal principles and procedures, and the safeguards for the protection of individual rights. When or if at anytime a person is treated unfairly by the government, the criminal justice system (to include the courts), that person is said to have been deprived of or denied his/her due process. it is often referred to in such terms as the "law of the land" and "legal judgement of his peers." The first time these expressions were used in the sense of due process was in the great charter of English liberty, the Magna Carter. In the United States, the phrase due process first appears in the Fifth Amendment to the United States Constitution, ratified December 15, 1791. the amendment refers specifically to federal and not state actions, therefore another amendment was necessary to include the states. this was accomplished by the 14th Amendment, ratified July 9, 1868. As a result of the ratification, it was established at both federal and state levels that no person "shall be deprived of life, liberty, or property without due process of law." Recently, the United States Supreme Court has placed emphasis on procedural safeguards in the administration of criminal justice in federal and state cours. As determined by custom and law, due process has become a guarantee of civil as well as criminal rights. Through interpretation of the law, due process has grown to include, among other things, provision for ensuring an accused person a fair and public trial before a competent tribunal, the right to be present at the trial, and the right ot be heard in his/her own defe...

Island of Stability - Discovering Superheavy Elements

Island of Stability - Discovering Superheavy Elements The island of stability is that wondrous place where heavy isotopes of elements stick around long enough to be studied and used. The island is located within a sea of radioisotopes that decay into daughter nuclei so quickly its difficult for scientists to prove the element existed, much less use the isotope for a practical application. Key Takeaways: Island of Stability The island of stability refers to a region of the periodic table consisting of super-heavy radioactive elements that have at least one isotope with a relatively long half-life.The nuclear shell model is used to predict the location of the islands, based on maximizing the binding energy between protons and neutrons.Isotopes on the island are believed to have magic numbers of protons and neutrons that allow them to maintain some stability.Element 126, should it ever be produced, is believed to have an isotope with a long enough half-life that it can be studied and potentially used. History of the Island Glenn T. Seaborg coined the phrase island of stability in the late 1960s. Using the nuclear shell model, he proposed filling the energy levels of a given shell with the optimal number of protons and neutrons would maximize binding energy per nucleon, permitting that particular isotope to have a longer half-life than other isotopes, which did not have filled shells. Isotopes that fill nuclear shells possess what are called magic numbers of protons and neutrons. Finding the Island of Stability The location of the island of stability is predicted based on known isotope half-lives and predicted half-lives for elements that have not been observed, based on calculations relying on the elements behaving like those above them on the periodic table (congeners) and obeying equations that account for relativistic effects. The proof that the island of stability concept is sound came when physicists were synthesizing element 117. Although the isotope of 117 decayed very quickly, one of the products of its decay chain was an isotope of lawrencium that had never been observed before. This isotope, lawrencium-266, displayed a half-life of 11 hours, which is extraordinarily long for an atom of such a heavy element. Previously known isotopes of lawrencium had fewer neutrons and were much less stable. Lawrencium-266 has 103 protons and 163 neutrons, hinting at as-yet-undiscovered magic numbers that may be used to form new elements. Which configurations might possess magic numbers? The answer depends who you ask, because its a matter of calculation and theres not standard set of equations. Some scientists suggest there might be an island of stability around 108, 110, or 114 protons and 184 neutrons. Others suggest a spherical nucleus with 184 neutrons, but 114, 120, or 126 protons might work best. Unbihexium-310 (element 126) is doubly magic because its proton number (126) and neutron number (184) are both magic number. However you roll the magic dice, data obtained from the synthesis of elements 116, 117, and 118 point toward increasing half-life as the neutron number approached 184. Some researchers believe the best island of stability might exists at much larger atomic numbers, like around element number 164 (164 protons). Theorists are investigating the region where Z 106 to 108 and N is around 160-164, which appears sufficiently stable with respect to beta decay and fission. Making New Elements from the Island of Stability Although scientists might be able to form new stable isotopes of known elements, we dont have the technology to go much past 120 (work which is currently underway). Its likely a new particle accelerator will need to be constructed that would be capable of focusing onto a target with greater energy. Well also need to learn to make larger amounts of known heavy nuclides to serve as targets for making these new elements. New Atomic Nucleus Shapes The usual atomic nucleus resembles a solid ball of protons and neutrons, but atoms of elements on the island of stability may take new shapes. One possibility would be a bubble-shaped or hollow nucleus, with the protons and neutrons forming a sort of shell. Its hard to even imagine how such a configuration might affect the properties of the isotope. One thing is certain, though... there are new elements yet to be discovered, so the periodic table of the future will look very different from the one we use today.

Community Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Community - Essay Example Attendance is described as good as the school district has partnered with a truancy solution company and as such has launched a campaign to encourage students to attend school regularly. As a result, school attendance has improved by 10%. The latest report reflects that daily attendance is at just over 94%. District Setting Administration For administrative purposes the school district is divided into four categories: elementary schools, middle schools, high schools and special schools. There are 68 elementary schools, 18 middle schools, 15 high schools and 8 special schools. Each school is run by a principal who reports to the Superintendent for the district. The superintendent is assisted by a deputy superintendent for administration, a deputy superintendent for curriculum and instruction and a deputy superintendent for business and financial services. The superintendent and the various deputy superintendents coordinate all aspects of the administration of the school with the princ ipals. Student Data Enrolment for the 2010-2011 academic year is 94, 702. The district accepts students from the age of 4 for pre-kindergarten. Once students are registered at an elementary school, registration is no longer necessary. Students come from diverse ethnic and social backgrounds. However, 67% of the student body is Hispanic. District Mission The school district’s mission is to provide an exemplary education with above average educators and an intensive extracurricular program. In addition the school district’s mission is to foster an environment that is family oriented. In other words, the school district encourages close community between the staff, teachers, administrators, the study body and the families. The school district readily admits that its wants to be the best place in the state for families. Thus its mission is to foster a connection between the schools and parents, business and members of the community generally. This is because the school dis trict takes the position that while the child’s education is significant for society’s future, the family provides the key to learning. As such, parents are not only obligated to be actively involved in the education of the child, but also have an inalienable right to be involved. The school district prides itself on its advanced technology, innovative facilities and highly qualified staff. These factors have made the school district appealing to both staff and families in terms of recruiting students and educators. The school district has a strategic plan which targets the enhancement of its students’ academic and social achievement. It also endeavors to provide a climate for learning that is safe. This is accomplished by emphasizing the recruitment and retention of exemplary staff, keeping up with modern technology and fostering communications with the external public and fortifying partnerships with the business community. Mission/Philosophy Public Relations The school district’s school/community relations mission is guided by the philosophy that the community is a stakeholder in its schools. As such, two-way lines of communication must be open so that the school district operates transparently and the community is therefore fully informed of all issues impacting the operation and success of the school. An informed community is in a more effective position to participate in the school distr

Research Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Research Proposal - Essay Example The particular market will be examined as of its performance through the years in accordance with a series of data released by firms that operate in the specific sector of British economy. The methods used for the retrieval of the necessary info are the following ones: a) study of the financial reports of firms that operate in the specific market (only the most successful retailers will be examined – approximately 5 of them), b) survey of customers of British retailers (customers of retailers that are based in Oxford Street, London will be used as participants in the relevant research) and c) review of statistical data related with the performance of firms operating in the British retail industry; these statistical data can be published either by governmental organizations or by private institutions. All the above methods will be evaluated as of their effectiveness regarding the target of the research: identification of the performance of British retailers through the years. A part from the analysis of the research methods used towards the completion of the study, a series of other issues will be examined in the context of this paper at the level that the reference to the these issues is necessary because of the importance of the subject, the turbulences of the market (which can cause severe delays in the completion of the research) and the unexpected changes in the conditions under which the research is conducted. Because all the above factors can alternate the conditions of the research, they are examined trying to focus on their relevance with the successful completion of the research under evaluation. The research is based on a series of questions that should be divided into two main categories. The first category includes only the main question of the research while the second category includes the secondary questions of the project. The project’s main question is the following one: which are the trends (in terms of

Which factors contribute to young people committing crime?

Which factors contribute to young people committing crime? Which factors contribute to young people committing crime? Introduction I chose this topic for my literature review as I feel that if we understand the root of the problem of the crime, in this case the risk factors that lead to criminal activity, then juvenile delinquency could be understoodand possibly prevented. A risk factor is ‘some specific characteristic displayed by a person or their circumstances that bears some statistically significant correlative position in relation to their behaviour† (Brown, 2005). Home Office statistics for 2009/10 show that young people age 10-17 were responsible for 20% of all the crime recorded by the police. (Cooper and Roe, 2012). Due to the high number of crime committed by youth, even though they are mostly minor crimes, is it important to understand what leads them to committing criminal acts. Numerous researchers have come up with theories and reasons which try to explain why young people choose to commit deviant acts. The following studies found in this literature review will attempt to explain some of the factors that contribute to young people committing crime. Methodology For this literature review I have used a variety of sources which will provide me with both qualitative and quantitate data. I researched studies from journal articles, government reports and afters going to the library I managed to find many books on the topic of factors contributing to juvenile delinquency. I also managed to find a few websites that provided me with background information and statistics. Findings A number of researchers categorise ‘risk’ factors in many different ways. In this essay however I will mostly talk about individual, social/family and environmental factors. Each of this category has its own subcategories. For example, under the category of social factors it can be included family risks, peer-related risks, etc. Environmental Risk Factors Several research articles I looked at suggests that one of the reasons why youth choose to commit criminal acts is because of poverty. A study was conducted at the Kamiti Youth Corrective Training centre (Y.C.T.C) where the sample were 55 inmates selected by random sampling from a total of 120 inmates. It was found that over 70% of the sample were poor or came from families with poor background. This was based on where they lived, whether or not they owned properties and the types of crimes they committed, For example, some of the inmates stated that because they lacked their basic needs, they run from home into the streets to beg for survival. They stated that they also became involved in petty offences like stealing good or properties values that were not too expensive. This finding showing that poverty is a cause of crime among youth, supports the theory of Thomas R. Forstenzer, in one of his articles called â€Å"Tomorrow in North America: Youth between the American dream and re ality†, in The Twentieth Session UNESCO General Conference Report titled â€Å"Youth in the 1980S â€Å" on poverty as a main reason of deviant acts. He states that economic stress and believing in personal failure is â€Å"†¦the chronic culprit for the symptoms of social decay: drugs, alcohol and sex related problems that will affect the young as long as the family itself difficulty facing the strains of inflation and unemployment†. (Omboto et al., 2013) As poverty is linked with social class, more than 80% of the sample from the Y.C.T.C. study belonged to lower social class. Before their arrests a majority of them lived in poor areas around Nairobi city such as Kibera and Mathare. The researcher stated that some of these offences were bare footed. This finding on social class and delinquency confirms the opinion of Wright and Younts (2009) that delinquency rate increased while social class decreased. Social Risk Factors Other researchers believe that some youth get into crime as a form of rebellion against parental authority and due to peer pressure. Youth people may choose to commit crimes as a way to show their independence of the ‘adult’ word and its rules, as a way of getting attention and respect from peers, as well as trying to compensate for their restricted opportunities at school or in their community. By having good relationships with parents during childhood might help in a fortunate transition to adolescence, but it does not guarantee it, as risk factors are linked together. For instance, even though one might have an outstanding relationship with the parents, they might come from a low social status, and therefore it might led them to commit crimes. Hirschi (1969) argues that â€Å"delinquent acts result when an individual’s bond to society is weak or broken. He states that conformity starts from four types of social control which then these create social bonds. The weaker those bonds are the most likely it is for someone to commit a deviant act. For example attachment is one type of social control. Strong social attachments leads to conformity, and by having a fragile family/peer/school relationship, can make people to commit crimes more easily. (Hirschi 1969 cited in Carrabine E. et al.) Ojo (2012) states that broken homes and low education attainment as some of the causes for youth committing deviant acts. In the Y.C.T.C. study, most of boys from the sample came from dysfunctional families. Some of the boys were orphans and had no guardian to look after them before their arrest, other boys has divorced parents or a single parents and others’ parents were alcoholics or were not able to give a ‘good’ parenthood. For instance, in the sample7 boys had divorced parents, 6 youths mothers died, 14 has no father (either died or unknown), while 8 had no parents at all. When it comes to education, 78% did not go beyond class six primary with their schooling. (Omboto et al., 2013) West Farmington (1973) stated that just like low income family income, large family members is also an important factor of youth offending. This is due to the presence of several siblings that leads to faulty upbringing by parents/guardians at critical stages of the child’s development. Individual Risk Factors Other studies have found that individual risk factors also play a role in the behaviour of the youth. Individual factors include factors such as impulsivity, attention problems, low intelligence and low school attainment. For instance. LeMarquand and Tremblay (2001) cited in OJJDP’s argued that â€Å"the best social behaviour characteristic to predict delinquent behaviour before age 13 appears to be aggression†. Hawkins at al. (1998) cited in OJJDP’s also found ‘a positive relationship between hyperactivity, concentration and attention problems, impulsivity and risk taking ad later violent behaviour’ Herrenkohl et al (2001) cited in OJJDP’s stated that â€Å"children with low academic performance, low commitment to school, and low educational aspirations during elementary and middle school grades are at higher risk for child delinquency than are other children† Otherl Risk Factors Other risk factors found in the literature which might influence a young person’s behaviour can be community and neighbourhood. Young people who live in a neighbourhood with a high level of poverty and crimes, is likely to increase the risk of young people being involved in a serious type of offence.( McCord, Widom and Crowell 2001 cited in OJJDP’s). Prevention strategies which can help to lessen the risk factors Richards (2011) believes that taking away the youth form their areas and putting them behind the bars, does not deal with the underlying problem. Therefore some measure should be put in place to help reduce young people involvement in crime. For example the government and private agencies should creaser employment opportunities for youth of employable ages. Parents must also be responsible for their own children (providing moral guidance and material needs). But also learning institutions for youth must put in place sport and extra-curriculum activities, as this will leave them less time, if no time at all to be preoccupied with other things like offences Conclusion From summarising the studies, I have identified 3 main risk factors that can have an impact on young people’s involvement in crime: Social, individual and environmental risk factors. I have also identifies other risk factors which are not too important but it does have some relevance to young people’s behaviour. I have also identified some prevention strategies which might help to young people to stop getting involved in criminal activities. Overall, whether is down to individual, social or environmental factors, young people’s involvement in crimes sees to decrease since 1995. But we cannot say crimes declined due to the improvement of one factor (i.e. social factors) because as I discussed earlier, risk factors are connected with one another. Even though risk factors give us an understanding to why young people might choose to commit crimes, risk factor approach has its limitations. One of them being the risk of being labelled, young people being generalised and it also fails to distinguish correlation form causation. Preventing the delinquents is a big problem with no easy and quick solutions. Risk factors only offers the possibility to establish which youth is more likely to commit deviant acts. If I was to do further research on this topic, I would try to find more research based in the United Kingdom as most of the research I found was from America, however the short time prevented me from doing so. Reference Brown, S. (2005). Understanding youth and crime. 2nd ed. London: Open University Press, p.100. Carrabine, E., Cox, P., Lee, M., Plummer, K. and South, N. (2009). Criminology. A Sociological intrdouction. 2nd ed. New York: Routledge, p.83. Cooper, C. and Roe, S. (2012). An estimate of youth crime in England and Wales: Police recorded crime committed by young people in 2009/10. 1st ed. [ebook] London: Crown. Available at: https://www.gov.uk/government/uploads/system/uploads/attachment_data/file/167982/horr64.pdf [Accessed 2 Nov. 2014]. Ojo, M.O.D. (2012) A Sociological Review of Issues on Juvenile Delinquency The Journal of International Social Research Volume: 5 Issue: 22 465-482 Omboto, J., Ondiek, G., Odera, O. and Ayugi, M. (2013). Factors influencing youth crimes and juvenile delinquency. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, [online] 1(2), pp.18-20. Available at: http://www.ijsk.org/uploads/3/1/1/7/3117743/sociology_2.pdf [Accessed 3 Nov. 2014]. Richards, K. (2011). What makes juvenile offenders different from adult offenders?. [online] www.aic.gov.au. Available at: http://www.aic.gov.au/media_library/publications/tandi_pdf/tandi409.pdf [Accessed 3 Nov. 2014]. West D.J. and Farmington D.P. (1973) â€Å"Who becomes Delinquents† Second report of the Cambridge Study in Delinquent. London: Heinemann Wright, B.R.E. Younts, C.W. (2009) Reconstructing the Relationship between Race and Crime: Positive and Negative Predictors of Crime among African American Youth Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 2009 46:327 The iPremier Co.: Denial of Service Attack The iPremier Co.: Denial of Service Attack Wk3AssgnCannadyE The iPremier Co.: Denial of Service Attack. On January 12, 2007, iPremier Web servers were brought to a halt after a denial-of-service (DoS) attack had occurred. (https://services.hbsp.harvard.edu/services/proxy/content/55482727/55482733/bc0bf879de2a3b14574a611f54ec52c6). (ADOS attack) is where a multiple of compromised systems, which maybe infected with a Trojan virus, are used to target a single system causing a Denial of Service (DoS) attack. Victims of a DDoS attack consist of both the end targeted system and all systems maliciously used and controlled by the hacker in the distributed attack. (http://www.ddosprotection.com/about/ddos-information/) How well did the iPremier Company perform during the 75-minute attack? In what ways were the companys operating procedures deficient in responding to this attack? In what ways were they adequate? What additional procedures might have been in place to better handle the attack? In my opinion, Qdata and iPremier really dropped the ball on this by not thinking steps ahead. They did not have a contingency plan or any plan of sort for this worst case scenario. iPremeir had placed too much faith into Qdata`s ability to handle the situation or threat. The first thing I noticed the company did was panic, since there was no crisis strategy/disaster plan. The attack couldnt have happened at the worse time since the attack happened during a high traffic period. If this attack was done by competitors than they got what they were looking for by hurting the reputation of the company. If I was Bob Turley, I may be worried if Im still going to have a position still, since I was not prepared for this infrastructure break. Bob did not go over all known threats to the infrastructure risk matrix and develop procedures to immediately identify the type and risk. These threats would need to be continually assessed as new ones emerge and the identification would have helped deter mined the right procedures for defending against them. My first move I wouldve of made is open a line of communication with Qdata to discuss any risk measure we may have to take. I would not have let the attack go on for so long without pulling the plug to our servers so the customer information cannot be stolen. I would also increase my security against attackers. Having system and users use stronger encryption passwords. Have better real-time monitoring, with a backup plan that has went through testing. Train my employees to better understand the type of attacks and train them on how to handle emergency situations. Even after that make another business continuity plan and test it end to end than repeat. Keep all the software up to date that will better protect from viruses and attacks. You may want to hire an outside audit team to keep a check and balance. The biggest problem is the host provider. If I was Bob, I may want to build a much better relationship with my provider, showing the importance of this never happening again. Since in sense its my companys reputation which is on the line. If that dont work, I would go get a more reliable/reputable host provider. With a high class support and infrastructure, with better security measures. Besides of the updating I would do to the software, Firewalls would also need to up dated. This will protect my company from viruses and also protect from the whatever employee. Again training my employees on what not to do is really important. Train them on emails and what type of emails are at risk. Tell them to always inform somebody on any obscene gestures they computer may be exhibiting. Especially any ha emails. In the aftermath of the attack, what actions would you recommend? My biggest concerns are Legal, Public Relations, Stock Prices, Customer Information and Network Security as least important after the attack. The attack just proved to any competition that my firewalls can be hacked. In looking who could be the one responsible. I would be looking at my competition and what would they have to gain in my attack. Since in sense if I pulled the plug than it would take at least 24 hours to get back running. Even if I did not pull the plug and I rode the attack out than I would still have to shut down business because of then security breach. No matter which route taken, I would still be at lost once my firewalls proved to be vulnerable. There a lot of equations to look at. This is the main reason I would have an outside Network Operations Center (NOC). They will provide all the monitoring I may need for any issue that may arrive even the increase of bandwidth References: http://www.ddosprotection.com/about/ddos-information/ https://services.hbsp.harvard.edu/services/proxy/content/55482727/55482733/bc0bf879de2a3b14574a611f54ec52c6

Lsi Paper Essay

The life Styles Inventory (LSI) is developed by Dr. J. Clayton Lafferty. LSI are measures 12 specific styles of patterns of thinking that can either help or hinder a person from reaching his or her potential. The 12 styles measures by LSI are organized into three general clusters: Constructive, Passive/Defensive, Aggressive/Defensive. Research has shown that the styles measures by the LSI are related to a number of indicators of effectiveness and success, including leadership effectiveness, management effectiveness, problem solving effectiveness, quality of interpersonal relations, salary, organizational level, individual health and well being, and organization culture. Part 1: Personal Thinking Styles After I took the LSI, my primary personal thinking style are Dependent and Competitive which came in the same percentile with a 99 percentile. My back up personal thinking style is Approval with a 95 percentile. To begin with my primary personal thinking, first, Dependent style, passive/defensive cluster, is about people who relies on others for direction, a good follower, doesn’t challenge others, and aims to please everyone. I totally agree this style can show who I am. Most of my life I tend to dependent on the others until now. I like to be a follower and accept what is people thinking and making decision. Now, I’m trying to change my thinking and attitude because I don’t want to be a follower forever. I know myself why I am always a follower because I am afraid to say something to be the first person, I might say the wrong answer that will makes me feel embarrass in classroom or public places. This might be side effect from when I was young, once time I said the wrong answer in classroom and my classmates started laugh at me. That situation still stays with me. Another of my primary personal thinking is Competitive style, aggressive/defensive cluster, is about people who competes rather than cooperates, strong need to win, and constantly compares self to others. I don’t agree with this score. For me, I think that competitive thinking style is not to be descriptive me. I always do the best with my job and task but I didnâ€⠄¢t focus on to be winning. I do accept my colleagues work, I am not the person who will say no or disagree too much. I plan to achieve my goal but I didn’t think to be number one. This thinking style seems cannot explain me. Next, my backup personal thinking is Approval style, passive/defensive cluster, is about people sets goals that please others, support those with the most authority, agrees with everyone, and reluctantly deals with conflict. I totally agree with this score. According to LSI result, the approval scale measures our need to be accepted by others to increase or sustain our feeling of self-worth. I think dependent and approval styles both are similar to explain me. I like to work many people but I will be a good listener. This might be cause from I don’t like to read since I was young until now. I want to change myself to be a good reader, so, I might have more knowledge to discuss, suggest, and participate with others people. The one style that might be working against me and reducing my overall effectiveness would be the Humanistic-Encouraging. I like to work and share story with people but for this style I think I don’t have to o much power to encourage people believe what I say or what I think. I can be an advisor for who has a problem but I don’t know after I talked with them my advice with help them or not. My score in Humanistic-Encouraging is the lowest percentile with is 57 percentile. So, I need to motivate myself for improve for effective in organization. Part 2: Impact on Management Style A: Planning B: organizing C: Leading D: Controlling Part 3: Genesis of Personal Style Part 4: Conclusion and reflection I think this survey is very benefits and advantages for me. When I looked at the score on the first time I don’t think dependent style will be my primary  but after I read all detail about who are in this style. I believe, this can show how I am. After finished this survey, I know how to approve and change my personal life style. This survey seems like a guideline that show you how to improve. Also if you follow all those steps, your personal style and think will change to be a good way. In this course MGMT591, I have my goal

Customer Expectation Through Service Excellence - 1758 Words

Party Rental Ltd began as a secondary line of business for Oprandy’s Liquor store in Englewood, New Jersey. Oprandy’s provided an additional service to customers who were picking up wine and beer for their house parties by renting tables, chairs, and glassware. In April 1972 it was expanded into a larger scale rental business with more appropriate items. A year later they moved into a 10,000 square foot facility. In august 2006, it was relocated to a 350,000 sq. foot corporate headquarters in Teterboro, NJ where they currently reside. However, there also are smaller subsidies in Pennsylvania, the Hamptons and Maryland. Although, there is a written mission, core values and philosophy, they are only posted and pop up on our computers daily.†¦show more content†¦Organizational Structure Upper Management consists of one CEO Owner, one COO/President (Son of Owner), and VP/CFO. Management consist of VP of Human Resource, VP of Operations, Department Directors Managers, Supervisors of different areas (roles responsibility unclear) When reading about Party Rental Ltd there is a sense that the old â€Å"mom and pop† community store has grown in size but there is no formal business structure or philosophy reflecting the change. One might believe change was just adopted words only and never internalized and operationalized. It is interesting, because the dress code use to be business causal but was changed to a more old community affect of â€Å"jean and T shirts†. What occurs at Party Rental annually is a break even financial status. Ironically, everyone seems ok with it. Prices are raised annually and they terminate and hire seasonally. An excessive number of clients are not charged for half or all of an order due to inadequate service, such as incorrect items delivered, inaccurate delivery times, and mix-ups in dispatch and truck loading for delivery. Language barriers in the warehouse accounts for misinformation and poor customer service. In addition, supervisors employed for specific areas overlap resulting in indecision and there is confusion. Employees may require supervision but this is ineffective. Processes for customer service to establish an order for

Winning the Vote for Women Around the World

When did various nations give all women the right to vote? Many granted suffrage in steps -- some locales gave the vote for local elections first, or some racial or ethnic groups were excluded until later. Often, the right to stand for election and the right to vote were given at separate times. Full suffrage means that all groups of women were included, and could both vote and run for any office. 1850-1879 1851: Prussian law forbids women from joining political parties or attending meetings where politics is discussed.1869: Britain grants unmarried women who are householders the right to vote in local elections1862/3: Some Swedish women gain voting rights in local elections. 1880-1899 1881: Some Scottish women get the right to vote in local elections.1893: New Zealand grants equal voting rights to women.1894: The United Kingdom expands womens voting rights to married women in local but not national elections.  1895: South Australian women gain voting rights.1899: Western Australian women were granted voting rights.   1900-1909 1901: Women in Australia get the vote, with some restrictions.  1902: Women in New South Wales get the vote.1902: Australia grants more voting rights to women.1906: Finland adopts woman suffrage.1907: Women in Norway are permitted to stand for election.1908: Women in Denmark some women granted local voting rights.1908: Victoria, Australia, grants women voting rights.1909: Sweden grants vote in municipal elections to all women. 1910-1919 1913: Norway adopts full woman suffrage.1915: Women get the vote in Denmark and Iceland.1916: Canadian women in Alberta, Manitoba, and Saskatchewan get the vote.1917: When the Russian Czar is toppled, the Provisional Government grants universal suffrage with equality for women; later the new Soviet Russian constitution includes full suffrage to women.1917: Women in the Netherlands are granted the right to stand for election.1918: The United Kingdom gives a full vote to some women -- over 30, with property qualifications or a UK university degree -- and to all men age 21 and older.1918: Canada gives women the vote in most provinces by federal law. Quebec is not included. Native women were not included.1918: Germany grants women the vote.1918: Austria adopts woman suffrage.1918: Women given full suffrage in Latvia, Poland, Estonia, and Latvia.1918: Russian Federation gives women the right to vote.1921: Azerbaijan grants woman suffrage. (Sometimes given as 1921 or 1917.)1918: Women gran ted limited voting rights in Ireland.1919: Netherlands gives women the vote.1919: Woman suffrage is granted in Belarus, Luxembourg, and Ukraine.1919: Women in Belgium granted right to vote.1919: New Zealand allows women to stand for election.1919: Sweden grants suffrage with some restrictions. 1920-1929 1920: On August 26, a constitutional amendment is adopted when the state of Tennessee ratifies it, granting full woman suffrage in all states of the United States.1920: Woman suffrage is granted in Albania, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia.1920: Canadian women get the right to stand for election (but not for all offices - see 1929 below).1921: Sweden gives women voting rights with some restrictions.1921: Armenia grants woman suffrage.1921: Lithuania grants woman suffrage.1921: Belgium grants women the right to stand for election.1922: Irish Free State, separating from the UK, gives equal voting rights to women.1922: Burma grants women voting rights.1924: Mongolia, Saint Lucia, and Tajikistan give suffrage to women.1924: Kazakstan gives limited voting rights to women.1925: Italy grants limited voting rights to women.1927: Turkmenistan grants woman suffrage.1928: The United Kingdom grants full equal voting rights to women.1928: Guyana grants woman suffrage.1928: Ireland (as part of the UK) expands womens suffrage rights.1929: Ecuador grants suffrage, Romania grants limited suffrage.1929: Women found to be persons in Canada and therefore able to become members of the Senate. 1930-1939 1930: White women granted suffrage in South Africa.1930: Turkey grants women the vote.1931: Women get full suffrage in Spain and  Sri Lanka.1931: Chile and Portugal grant suffrage with some restrictions.1932: Uruguay, Thailand and Maldives jump on the woman suffrage bandwagon.1934: Cuba and Brazil adopt woman suffrage.1934: Turkish women are able to stand for election.1934: Portugal grants woman suffrage, with some restrictions.1935: Women gain right to vote in Myanmar.1937: The Philippines grants women full suffrage.1938: Women get the vote in Bolivia.1938: Uzbekistan grants full suffrage to women.1939: El Salvador grants voting rights to women. 1940-1949 1940: Women of Quebec are granted voting rights.1941: Panama grants limited voting rights to women.1942: Women gain full suffrage in the  Dominican Republic.1944: Bulgaria, France and Jamaica grant suffrage to women.1945: Croatia, Indonesia, Italy, Hungary, Japan (with restrictions), Yugoslavia, Senegal, and Ireland enact woman suffrage.1945: Guyana allows women to stand for election.1946: Woman suffrage adopted in Palestine, Kenya, Liberia, Cameroon, Korea, Guatemala, Panama (with restrictions), Romania (with restrictions), Venezuela, Yugoslavia, and Vietnam.1946: Women allowed to stand for election in Myanmar.1947: Bulgaria, Malta, Nepal, Pakistan, Singapore, and Argentina extend suffrage to women.1947: Japan extends suffrage, but still retains some restrictions.1947: Mexico grants the vote to women at the municipal level.1948: Israel, Iraq, Korea, Niger, and Surinam adopt woman suffrage.1948: Belgium, which previously granted the vote to women, establishes suffrage with a few re strictions for women.1949: Bosnia and Herzegovina grant woman suffrage.1949: China and Costa Rica give women the vote.1949: Women gain full suffrage in Chile but most vote separately from men.1949: Syrian Arab Republic gives the vote to women.1949/1950: India grants woman suffrage. 1950-1959 1950: Haiti and Barbados adopt woman suffrage.1950: Canada grants full suffrage, extending the vote to some women (and men) previously not included, still excluding Native women.1951: Antigua, Nepal, and Grenada give women the vote.1952: Covenant on Political Rights of Women enacted by the United Nations, calling for womens right to vote and right to stand for elections.  1952: Greece, Lebanon, and Bolivia (with restrictions) extend suffrage to women.1953: Mexico grants women the right to stand for election. and to vote in national elections.1953: Hungary and Guyana give voting rights to women.1953: Bhutan and the Syrian Arab Republic establish full woman suffrage.1954: Ghana, Colombia, and Belize grant woman suffrage.1955: Cambodia, Ethiopia, Peru, Honduras, and Nicaragua adopt woman suffrage.1956: Women given suffrage in Egypt, Somalia, Comoros, Mauritius, Mali, and Benin.1956: Pakistani women gain the right to vote in national elections.1957: Malaysia extends suffrage to women.1 957: Zimbabwe grants women the vote.1959: Madagascar and Tanzania give suffrage to women.1959: San Marino permits women to vote. 1960-1969 1960: Women of Cyprus, Gambia, and Tonga get suffrage.1960: Canadian women win full rights to stand for election, as Native women are also included.1961: Burundi, Malawy, Paraguay, Rwanda and Sierra Leone adopt woman suffrage.1961: Women in the Bahamas gain suffrage, with limits.1961: Women in El Salvador are permitted to stand for election.1962: Algeria, Monaco, Uganda, and Zambia adopts woman suffrage.1962: Australia adopts full woman suffrage (a few restrictions remain).1963: Women in Morocco, Congo, the  Islamic Republic of Iran  and Kenya gain suffrage.1964: Sudan adopts woman suffrage.1964: The Bahamas adopts full suffrage with restrictions.1965: Women gain full suffrage in Afghanistan, Botswana, and Lesotho.1967: Ecuador adopts full suffrage with a few restrictions.1968: Full woman suffrage adopted in Swaziland. 1970-1979 1970: Yemen adopts full suffrage.1970: Andorra permits women to vote.1971: Switzerland adopts woman suffrage, and the United States lowers the voting age for both men and women to eighteen by a Constitutional amendment.1972: Bangladesh grants woman suffrage.1973: Full suffrage granted to women in Bahrain.1973: Women permitted to stand for election in Andorra and San Marino.1974: Jordan and the Solomon Islands extend suffrage to women.1975: Angola,  Cape Verde, and Mozambique give suffrage to women.1976: Portugal adopts full woman suffrage with a few restrictions.1978: The Republic of Moldova adopts full suffrage with a few restrictions.1978: Women in Zimbabwe are able to stand for election.1979: Women in the Marshall Islands and Micronesia gain full suffrage rights. 1980-1989 1980: Iran gives women the vote.1984: Full suffrage granted to women of Liechtenstein.1984: In South Africa, voting rights are extended to Coloureds and Indians.1986: Central African Republic adopts woman suffrage. 1990-1999 1990: Samoan women gain full suffrage.1994: Kazakhstan grants women full suffrage.1994: Black women gain full suffrage in South Africa. 2000- 2005: Kuwaiti Parliament grants women of Kuwait full suffrage.